涉县盆地控盆构造晚第四纪活动特征     

蒋云锋  周月玲  郭秋娜  张征宇 《中国地震》2020,36(3):460-468

涉县断裂为太行山隆起区内涉县盆地的控盆构造,走向由NE转为近EW向,倾向NW/N,中部在井店东被EW向断裂错断,是控制涉县盆地的一组断裂。本文采用地质地貌调查、河流阶地分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县断裂晚第四纪活动特征。研究发现,涉县断裂带由多组断裂构成,带宽约200m,在清漳河两侧表现为山前的陡崖地貌、基岩破碎变形带,具有正断兼走滑特征,在基岩变形带上部发育走向NNE向和NWW向次级滑动面,次级滑动面错断第四系黄土,最新活动到晚更新世;断裂在盆地区通过,地表形成低缓陡坎,断裂错断Q2-3地层,表现为上陡下缓的正断层。通过对涉县断裂两侧清漳河河流阶地、夷平面和地层年龄综合分析,估算涉县断裂晚更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.06～0.08mm/a,中更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.22～0.34mm/a,垂直差异活动主要发生于中更新世期间。  相似文献   

Deposition and preservation of fluvio-tidal shallow-marine sandstones: A re-evaluation of the Neoproterozoic Jura Quartzite (western Scotland)     

Bruce K. Levell  Howard D. Johnson  Daniel S. Collins  Marijn van Cappelle 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):173-206

The 2 to 5 km thick, sandstone-dominated (>90%) Jura Quartzite is an extreme example of a mature Neoproterozoic sandstone, previously interpreted as a tide-influenced shelf deposit and herein re-interpreted within a fluvio-tidal deltaic depositional model. Three issues are addressed: (i) evidence for the re-interpretation from tidal shelf to tidal delta; (ii) reasons for vertical facies uniformity; and (iii) sand supply mechanisms to form thick tidal-shelf sandstones. The predominant facies (compound cross-bedded, coarse-grained sandstones) represents the lower parts of metres to tens of metres high, transverse fluvio-tidal bedforms with superimposed smaller bedforms. Ubiquitous erosional surfaces, some with granule–pebble lags, record erosion of the upper parts of those bedforms. There was selective preservation of the higher energy, topographically-lower, parts of channel-bar systems. Strongly asymmetrical, bimodal, palaeocurrents are interpreted as due to associated selective preservation of fluvially-enhanced ebb tidal currents. Finer-grained facies are scarce, due largely to suspended sediment bypass. They record deposition in lower-energy environments, including channel mouth bars, between and down depositional-dip of higher energy fluvio-ebb tidal bars. The lack of wave-formed sedimentary structures and low continuity of mudstone and sandstone interbeds, support deposition in a non-shelf setting. Hence, a sand-rich, fluvial–tidal, current-dominated, largely sub-tidal, delta setting is proposed. This new interpretation avoids the problem of transporting large amounts of coarse sand to a shelf. Facies uniformity and vertical stacking are likely due to sediment oversupply and bypass rather than balanced sediment supply and subsidence rates. However, facies evidence of relative sea level changes is difficult to recognise, which is attributed to: (i) the areally extensive and polygenetic nature of the preserved facies, and (ii) a large stored sediment buffer that dampened response to relative sea-level and/or sediment supply changes. Consideration of preservation bias towards high-energy deposits may be more generally relevant, especially to thick Neoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic marine sandstones.  相似文献   

安徽庐枞盆地泥河玢岩型铁矿床地质-原生晕地球化学找矿模型   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张赞赞  张舒  吴明安  写熹  吕博  魏国辉 《矿床地质》2020,39(2):305-325

开展长江中下游地区玢岩型铁矿床轴向原生晕地球化学分析及建模,可弥补地球物理勘探结果的多解性及探测精度的局限性,对定位和评价深部盲矿体具有至关重要的作用。文章在以往研究的基础上,开展庐枞盆地泥河玢岩型铁矿床钻孔原生晕的研究工作,采用多元统计分析方法,查明了主要成矿指示元素在不同地质体中的富集和亏损,确定了磁铁矿、硫铁矿和硬石膏矿体的矿中、近矿及远矿指示元素组合,结合矿床成因模型,建立了泥河玢岩型铁矿床地质-原生晕地球化学找矿模型,通过罗河和小包庄玢岩型铁矿床的佐证,认为该模型可以应用于长江中下游成矿带玢岩型铁矿床的勘探工作中。  相似文献   

新疆艾比湖流域枯、丰水期三维荧光光谱特性及其与水质的关系     

王迪  张飞  张兆永  张海威  朱世丹  张贤龙 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):483-495

以艾比湖流域主要入湖河流为研究对象，在5月（丰水期）和8月（枯水期）分别沿博尔塔拉河（博河）和精河进行采样，采用平行因子模型（PARAFAC）和三维荧光区域积分法对水体三维荧光特性进行研究并对其与水质的关系在枯、丰水期下的变化进行探讨.结果表明①河流DOM在枯水期与丰水期都含有C1（240、425 nm） UVC类腐殖质，C2（225、290 nm）紫外区内络氨酸类有机物，C3（230/280、330 nm）蛋白类有机物，C4（265、260 nm）腐殖质类共4种组分.通过对水体三维荧光进行区域积分可以看出DOM荧光成分的占比在不同时期的变化.博河在枯水期时EEM光谱中的区域Ⅲ富里酸含量低于丰水期，枯水期时区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质、区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物以及区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸高于丰水期；对于精河来说，区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质和区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物在枯水期的含量高于丰水期，区域Ⅲ富里酸和区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸的含量枯水期低于丰水期，这表明水体腐质化程度较高.②本研究选取了一些常规的荧光指数来描述枯、丰水期水体的荧光指数特性.经研究发现，精河的荧光指数、自生源指数和腐殖化指数在不同时期的变化幅度较小，而博河的变化幅度较大.③将荧光指数与水质参数进行相关性分析并建模，结果表明枯水期自生源指数（BIX）与化学需氧量呈显著正相关，相关系数R=0.688；丰水期时BIX与铵态氮浓度呈显著负相关，相关系数R=-0.493.通过对比分析艾比湖主要入湖河流的三维荧光光谱特性与水质在枯、丰水期时的关系进一步表明水体中DOM的特性以及在枯、丰水期下的差异，为艾比湖流域的治理改善提供一定的理论支持和参考依据.  相似文献   

珠江口典型海岛周边水域浮游植物分布特征及其影响因素*     

苏芯莹  钟瑜  李尧  谭美婷  黄亚东  刘珊  徐向荣  宋星宇 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(5):30-42

旅游业为海岛带来可观经济效益的同时, 人类活动也导致水体生态环境恶化, 如水体富营养化加剧、赤潮频发等。文章通过对珠江口东南部典型海岛——庙湾岛和外伶仃岛周边水域丰水期和枯水期现场环境数据与浮游植物分布特征的对比研究, 分析珠江径流等自然因素以及人类活动对河口天然海岛周边水体生态的潜在影响。枯水期外伶仃岛和庙湾岛周边水域海水分别镜检鉴定出76种和74种浮游植物, 两个海岛浮游植物平均细胞密度分别为2.62×10⁴个·L^-1和2.08×10⁴个·L^-1; 丰水期则分别鉴定出38种和47种浮游植物, 平均细胞密度分别为52.91×10⁴个·L^-1和170.57× 10⁴个·L^-1。在外伶仃岛和庙湾岛, 丰水期中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema coatatum)均为绝对优势种, 而枯水期两个岛的最主要优势种分别为窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)和新月筒柱藻(Cylindrotheca closterium), 物种多样性指数均明显高于丰水期。两个海岛微型浮游植物相对于其他两个粒级常占据优势地位, 但在丰水期, 小型浮游植物贡献明显上升, 其中外伶仃岛相对于枯水期由16.32%升至26.75%, 庙湾岛则由12.12%升高至24.78%。两个海岛在丰水期和枯水期均仅检出聚球藻(Synechococcus, Syn)和真核微微型藻类(eukaryotic, Euk)两大微微型浮游植物类群, 两者细胞密度分别为~10⁷个·L^-1及~10⁸个·L^-1量级。与环境因子的对比分析表明, 两个海岛浮游植物的区域分布与季节变化受多种因素影响, 其季节性差异主要受径流影响强度、影响范围以及相应的盐度、营养盐等环境因素的季节变化所调控。丰水期岛屿屏蔽效应对浮游植物丰度的区域分布特征有显著影响, 无论小型浮游植物还是微微型浮游植物均发现存在迎流面出现丰度高值分布的现象, 但对群落结构的分布影响不明显; 在枯水期, 水体环境很可能主要受人类活动与水体垂直混合扰动的综合影响, 总体上浮游植物分布的区域差异较小。  相似文献   

Response of A Gravel - Bed River To Dam Closure: Insights From Sediment Transport Processes And Channel Morphodynamics     

A. Brenna  N. Surian  L. Mao 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(3):756-770

This work deals with the impacts of dams on large gravel -bed rivers in terms of altering coarse transport regimes and the relationship with river morphodynamics. Using data collected by a tracer -based monitoring programme carried out in a 4 -km -long study sector of the Parma River (Italy), located downstream from a relatively recently established dam, we applied a virtual velocity approach to estimate the coarse bed material load at four river cross -sections. Monitoring and calculation results provided new insights into the impacts of the dam on streambed material mobility and the sediment regime over the 17 -month calculation period. A longitudinal gradient of effects was observed along the study sector. Sections located closer to the dam are characterized by more evident impacts due to deficits in coarse sediment input from upstream. Sediment mobility here is strongly altered, especially in the highly armoured main channel, and the overall bed material load is extremely low. A partial recovery of sediment dynamics was observed at the sections located further from the dam, where estimates indicate higher sediment yield. The observed longitudinal trend in the coarse sediment transport regime matches the morphology, as the river shifts downstream from a sinuous configuration with alternate bars to a wandering one. The novel insights into alteration of coarse sediment dynamics and the relationship with river morphodynamics are potentially applicable to many other fluvial contexts affected by similar impoundments. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Inter- and intra-annual trend analysis of water level and flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River,China     

Di Zhu  Yue Ben  Xinfa Xu 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(12):2128-2141

ABSTRACT

The Ganjiang River is the largest tributary of Poyang Lake in China, and its hydrological regime variation greatly affects the utilization of regional water resources and the ecological environment of the lake. In this study, a novel trend analysis method, the Moving Average over Shifting Horizon (MASH), was applied to investigate the inter- and intra-annual trends of flow and water level from 1976 to 2016 at the Xiajiang and the Waizhou hydrological stations in the Ganjiang River. The Significant Change Rate Method (SCRM) was proposed to determine the MASH averaging parameters. The trend analysis results show a statistically significant decrease in water level series throughout the year and the relationship of flow and water level have changed greatly at the Waizhou station. The sediment load reduction, large-scale sand mining and water level decrease of Poyang Lake are identified as the main causes for the water level decrease.  相似文献   

Impact of flooded rice paddy on remotely sensed evapotranspiration in the Krishna River basin,India     

Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla  Dongryeol Ryu  Biju George  Jeffrey P. Walker 《水文研究》2020,34(10):2190-2199

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the major water exchange processes between the earth's surface and the atmosphere. ET is a combined process of evaporation from open water bodies, bare soil and plant surfaces, and transpiration from vegetation. Remote sensing-based ET models have been developed to estimate spatially distributed ET over large regions, however, many of them reportedly underestimate ET over semi-arid regions (Jamshidi et al., Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2019, 20, 947–964). In this work, we show that underestimation of ET can occur due to the open water evaporation from flooded rice paddies ignored in the existing ET models. To address the gap in ET estimation, we have developed a novel approach that accounts for the missing ET component over flooded rice paddies. Our method improved ET estimates by a modified Penman-Monteith algorithm that considered the fraction of open water evaporation from flooded rice paddies. Daily ET was calculated using ground based meteorological data and the MODIS satellite data over the Krishna River Basin. Seasonal and annual ET values over the Krishna Basin were compared with two different ET algorithms. ET estimates from these two models were also compared for different crop combinations. Results were validated with flux tower-based measurements from other studies. We have identified a 17 mm/year difference in average annual ET over the Krishna River Basin with this new ET algorithm. This is very critical in basin scale water balance analysis and water productivity studies.  相似文献   

基于航空重、磁数据的南黄海海相地层分布特征识别     

佟晶  张婉  张玄杰  熊盛青 《中国地质调查》2020,7(5):95-106

基于南黄海海域实测高精度航空重、磁数据,结合航空重、磁场及物性特征,通过平均对数功率谱分析匹配滤波方法技术,对南黄海海相地层界面起伏引起的重、磁异常特征进行分离、提取,采用切线法和外奎尔法计算海相地层界面的深度,经地质和地球物理综合解释,编制了南黄海海相地层底界面、顶界面深度图及海相地层厚度图。在此基础上,初步划分了南黄海海相地层构造单元,探讨了南黄海海相地层的分布特征。苏北—南黄海坳陷区的中部坳陷和南部坳陷均发育在强磁性基底之上,构造变形较弱,海相地层保存完整,埋藏浅,厚度为4~8 km,是南黄海地区具有较大资源潜力的油气勘探区。  相似文献   

尺度政治视角下的新安江流域生态补偿政府主体博弈     

任以胜  陆林  虞虎  朱道才 《地理学报》2020,75(8):1667-1679

流域生态补偿是中国跨区域生态治理和自然区域保护的一项重要经济、社会、环境政策,涉及区域利益主体权益差异与协调、区域生态协同发展和合作模式构建等方面,是一个典型的地理学研究命题。本文将制度粘性引入到尺度政治理论中,剖析新安江流域生态补偿政府主体的博弈行为,探究不同政府主体的博弈特征和博弈机制。结果表明:中央政府、省级政府、市级政府等不同层级政府主体经历了竞争博弈、合作博弈和竞合博弈3个阶段,构建政府利益共同体能够推进流域生态补偿建设,中央政府的“适度介入”是开展跨省流域生态补偿的关键;流域生态补偿制度从“垂直”模式向“垂直—水平”模式的变迁过程中存在明显的制度粘性,政府主体利用政策革新和社会参与等制度约束稀释制度粘性,重塑流域生态补偿制度;尺度转换是推动新安江流域生态补偿的核心机制,政府主体通过重新分配权力和资本、嵌入非正式约束塑造流域生态补偿话语体系,推动新安江流域生态补偿由“强国家—弱社会”向“强国家—强社会”结构模式的转变。研究结果能够为构建跨区域流域生态补偿机制提供理论支撑,为合理评价和指导流域生态补偿实践、促进流域经济社会协调可持续发展提供科学依据。  相似文献